{"id":30496,"date":"2021-03-04T10:05:33","date_gmt":"2021-03-04T09:05:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viafirma.com\/?post_type=faq&p=30496"},"modified":"2026-04-28T09:42:34","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T07:42:34","slug":"formatos-de-firma-electronica","status":"publish","type":"faq","link":"https:\/\/www.viafirma.com\/es\/faqs\/formatos-de-firma-electronica\/","title":{"rendered":"Formatos de firma electr\u00f3nica"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dentro del mundo de la firma electr\u00f3nica<\/strong><\/a> existen varios formatos que puedes usar para conseguir la validez legal en tus firmas. En esta publicaci\u00f3n te explicaremos los formatos de firma electr\u00f3nica b\u00e1sicos, que dan acceso a tu firma a los primeros dos tipos de firma electr\u00f3nica<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Para elegir el formato adecuado, es vital entender qu\u00e9 tipo de documento vas a firmar y qui\u00e9n lo va a recibir. Estos formatos permiten crear firmas Avanzadas y Cualificadas<\/strong> con pleno valor legal.<\/p>\n

Formatos base<\/h3>\n

Estos son los est\u00e1ndares t\u00e9cnicos sobre los que se construyen las firmas:<\/p>\n

XML Signature<\/h3>\n

Es una especificaci\u00f3n desarrollada bajo el amparo del w3c<\/a> <\/strong>que permite la firma (completa o parcial) de documentos utilizando una notaci\u00f3n XML est\u00e1ndar.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Es altamente flexible: puede ir dentro del documento (enveloped), envolver al documento (enveloping) o estar en un archivo aparte (detached). Es el preferido para la comunicaci\u00f3n entre aplicaciones y administraciones p\u00fablicas.<\/p>\n

PDF-Signature<\/h3>\n

Firma embebida en documentos PDF acordes a est\u00e1ndares ISO-32001<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Es el formato m\u00e1s cercano al usuario. La firma est\u00e1 embebida en el archivo, lo que permite visualizarla con lectores comunes como Adobe Reader. Es ideal cuando el destinatario es una persona f\u00edsica que necesita \u00abver\u00bb la firma.<\/p>\n

CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) \/ PKCS#7<\/h3>\n

La sintaxis de mensajes criptogr\u00e1ficos (CMS) es el est\u00e1ndar del IETF para mensajes protegidos criptogr\u00e1ficamente.<\/p>\n

Formato binario usado para la firma, autenticaci\u00f3n, resumen y encriptaci\u00f3n de documentos<\/strong>. Usa el est\u00e1ndar PKCS#7. Este formato, adem\u00e1s, incorpora informaci\u00f3n de sellado de tiempo obtenida por una TSA (TimeStamp Authority).<\/p>\n

Se utiliza principalmente en procesos de intercambio de datos t\u00e9cnicos y correos electr\u00f3nicos seguros.<\/p>\n

Formatos avanzados \/ Ad Hoc (Est\u00e1ndares Europeos ETSI)<\/h3>\n

Bajo el Reglamento eIDAS<\/b>, estos formatos base evolucionan para garantizar que la firma sea v\u00e1lida en toda la Uni\u00f3n Europea y persista en el tiempo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Formato<\/strong><\/td>\nBasado en<\/strong><\/td>\nUso principal<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
PAdES<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/td>\nPDF<\/span><\/td>\nDocumentos administrativos, contratos y facturas para personas.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
XAdES<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/td>\nXML<\/span><\/td>\nFactura electr\u00f3nica (FacturaE), transacciones B2B y tr\u00e1mites gubernamentales.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CAdES<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/td>\nCMS<\/span><\/td>\nFirma de archivos pesados o de cualquier extensi\u00f3n (im\u00e1genes, c\u00f3digo, etc.).<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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